Events
657 – Battle of Siffin.
811 – Battle of Pliska; Byzantine emperor Nicephorus I is slain, his heir Stauracius is seriously wounded.
920 – Rout of an alliance of Christian troops from Navarre and Léon against the Muslims at Pamplona.
1309 – Henry VII is recognized King of the Romans by Pope Clement V.
1469 – Wars of the Roses: Battle of Edgecote Moor – Pitting the forces of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick against those of Edward IV of England.
1581 – Plakkaat van Verlatinghe (Act of Abjuration). The declaration of independence of the northern Low Countries from the Spanish king, Philip II.
1745 – The first recorded women's cricket match took place near Guildford, England
1758 – French and Indian War: Siege of Louisbourg ends with British forces defeating the French and taking control of the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
1775 – The birth of what would later become the United States Post Office Department is established by the Second Continental Congress.
1788 – New York ratifies the United States Constitution and becomes the 11th state of the United States.
1803 – The Surrey Iron Railway, arguably the world's first public railway, opens in south London.
1822 – José de San Martín arrives in Guayaquil, Ecuador, to meet with Simón Bolívar.
1822 – First of the three-day Battle of Dervenakia, between the Ottoman Empire force led by Dramali Pasha and the Greek Revolutionary force led by Theodoros Kolokotronis.
1847 – Liberia declares independence.
1861 – American Civil War: George B. McClellan assumes command of the Army of the Potomac following a disastrous Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run.
1863 – American Civil War: Morgan's Raid ends – At Salineville, Ohio, Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and 360 of his volunteers are captured by Union forces.
1878 – In California, the poet and American West outlaw calling himself "Black Bart" makes his last clean getaway when he steals a safe box from a Wells Fargo stagecoach. The empty box will be found later with a taunting poem inside.
1882 – Premiere of Richard Wagner's Parsifal at Bayreuth.
1882 – The Republic of Stellaland is founded in Southern Africa.
1887 – Publication of the Unua Libro, founding the Esperanto movement.
1890 – In Buenos Aires, the Revolución del Parque takes place, forcing President Juárez Celman's resignation.
1891 – France annexes Tahiti.
1908 – United States Attorney General Charles Joseph Bonaparte issues an order to immediately staff the Office of the Chief Examiner (later renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation).
1914 – Serbia and Bulgaria interrupt diplomatic relationship.
1936 – The Axis Powers decide to intervene in the Spanish Civil War.
1936 – King Edward VIII, in one of his few official duties before he abdicated the throne, officially unveiled the Canadian National Vimy Memorial.
1937 – End of the Battle of Brunete in the Spanish Civil War.
1941 – World War II: In response to the Japanese occupation of French Indo-China, US President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders the seizure of all Japanese assets in the United States.
1944 – World War II: Soviet army enters Lviv, major city of western Ukraine, liberating it from the Nazis. Only 300 Jewish survivors left, out of 160,000 Jews in Lviv prior to Nazi occupation.
1944 – The first German V-2 rocket hits Great Britain.
1945 – The Labour Party wins the United Kingdom general election of July 5 by a landslide, removing Winston Churchill from power.
1945 – The Potsdam Declaration is signed in Potsdam, Germany.
1945 – The US Navy cruiser Indianapolis arrives at Tinian with the warhead for the Hiroshima atomic bomb.
1946 – Aloha Airlines began service from Honolulu International Airport
1947 – Cold War: U.S. President Harry S. Truman signs the National Security Act into United States law creating the Central Intelligence Agency, Department of Defense, Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the National Security Council.
1948 – U.S. President Harry S. Truman signs Executive Order 9981 desegregating the military of the United States.
1952 – King Farouk of Egypt abdicates in favor of his son Fuad.
1953 – Fidel Castro leads an unsuccessful attack on the Moncada Barracks, thus beginning the Cuban Revolution.
1953 – Arizona Governor John Howard Pyle orders an anti-polygamy law enforcement crackdown on residents of Short Creek, Arizona, which becomes known as the Short Creek Raid.
1956 – Following the World Bank's refusal to fund building the Aswan High Dam, Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalizes the Suez Canal sparking international condemnation.
1957 – Carlos Castillo Armas, dictator of Guatemala, is assassinated
1958 – Explorer program: Explorer 4 is launched.
1963 – Syncom 2, the world's first geosynchronous satellite, is launched from Cape Canaveral on a Delta B booster.
1963 – Earthquake in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia (republic of southern Yugoslavia) – 1100 dead
1963 – The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development votes to admit Japan.
1965 – Full independence is granted to the Maldives.
1966 – Lord Gardiner issues the Practice Statement in the House of Lords stating that the House is not bound to follow its own previous precedent.
1968 – Vietnam War: South Vietnamese opposition leader Truong Dinh Dzu is sentenced to five years hard labor for advocating the formation of a coalition government as a way to move toward an end to the war.
1971 – Apollo Program: Apollo 15 Mission – Launch of Apollo 15.
1974 – Greek Prime Minister Constantinos Karamanlis forms the country's first civil government after seven years of military rule.
1975 – Formation of a military triumvirate in Portugal.
1977 – The National Assembly of Quebec imposes the use of French as the official language of the provincial government.
1989 – A federal grand jury indicts Cornell University student Robert T. Morris, Jr. for releasing the Morris worm, thus becoming the first person to be prosecuted under the 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.
1990 – The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 is signed into law by President George H. W. Bush.
1994 – Russian President Boris Yeltsin orders the removal of Russian troops from Estonia.
Space Shuttle Discovery STS-114 launch on July 26, 2005.
1999 – Cessation of combat activities after the Kargil War; Celebrated as Kargil Vijay Diwas in India.
2005 – Space Shuttle program: STS-114 Mission – Launch of Discovery, NASA's first scheduled flight mission after the Columbia Disaster in 2003.
2005 – Mumbai, India receives 99.5cm of rain (39.17 inches) within 24 hours, bringing the city to a halt for over 2 days.
2005 – Samir Geagea, the Lebanese Forces (LF) leader, is released after spending 11 years in a solitary confinement. His release came after the end of the Syrian occupation to Lebanon.
[edit]Births
1030 – Stanislaus of Szczepanów, St. Stanislaw (d. 1079)
1678 – Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1711)
1739 – George Clinton, 4th vice president of the USA (d. 1812)
1782 – John Field, Irish composer (d. 1837)
1791 – Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart, composer (d. 1844)
1802 – Mariano Arista, President of Mexico (d. 1855)
1829 – Auguste Marie François Beernaert, Belgian statesman, Nobel Laureate (d. 1912)
1846 – Texas Jack Omohundro, American frontier scout, actor, and cowboy (d. 1880)
1854 – Philippe Gaucher, French dermatologist (d. 1918)
1855 – Ferdinand Tönnies, German sociologist (d. 1936)
1856 – George Bernard Shaw, Irish writer, Nobel Laureate (d. 1950)
1858 – Tom Garrett, Former Australian cricketer (d. 1943)
1865 – Philipp Scheidemann, First Chancellor of the Weimar Republic (d. 1939)
1874 – Serge Koussevitsky, Russian conductor (d. 1951)
1875 – Carl Jung, Swiss psychiatrist (d. 1961)
1875 – Antonio Machado, Spanish poet (d. 1939)
1880 – Volodymyr Vynnychenko, Ukrainian statesman (d. 1951)
1885 – André Maurois, French author (d. 1967)
1886 – Lars Hanson, Swedish actor (d. 1965)
1888 – Reginald Hands, Former South African cricketer (d. 1918)
1892 – Sam Jones, American baseball player (d. 1966)
1893 – George Grosz, German painter (d. 1959)
1894 – Aldous Huxley, English-born author (d. 1963)
1895 – Jane Bunford, Britain's tallest-ever person (d. 1922)
1895 – Gracie Allen, American actress and comedian (d. 1964)
1896 – Henry Birkin, British racing driver (d. 1933)
1897 – Paul Gallico, American author (d. 1976)
1903 – Estes Kefauver, U.S. Senator from Tennessee (d. 1963)
1906 – Irena Iłłakowicz, Polish agent of Intelligence (d. 1943)
1908 – Lucien Wercollier, Luxembourgish sculptor (d. 2002)
1909 – Peter Thorneycroft, British politician (d. 1994)
1909 – Vivian Vance, American actress (d. 1979)
1914 – Erskine Hawkins, American musician and bandleader (d. 1993)
1914 – Ellis Kinder, American baseball player (d. 1968)
1918 – Marjorie Lord, American actress
1919 – Virginia Gilmore, American actress (d. 1986)
1920 – Bob Waterfield, American football player (d. 1983)
1921 – Jean Shepherd, American writer (d. 1999)
1922 – Blake Edwards, American film director
1922 – Jason Robards, American actor (d. 2000)
1923 – Jan Berenstain, American author
1923 – Hoyt Wilhelm, American baseball player (d. 2002)
1925 – Jerzy Einhorn, Polish-Swedish doctor, researcher and politician (d. 2000)
1926 – James Best, American actor
1926 – Ana María Matute, Spanish author
1927 – Gulabrai Ramchand, Former Indian cricketer (d. 2003)
1928 – Don Beauman, British racing driver (d. 1955)
1928 – Francesco Cossiga, 8th President of the Italian Republic
1928 – Ibn-e-Safi, Pakistani fiction writer and Urdu poet (d. 1980)
1928 – Stanley Kubrick, American film director (d. 1999)
1928 – Peter Lougheed, Canadian politician
1929 – Marc Lalonde, French Canadian politician
1929 – Alexis Weissenberg, Bulgarian-born French pianist
1929 – Joseph Jackson, American manager, former boxer and former musician
1931 – Takashi Ono, Japanese gymnast
1931 – Telê Santana, Brazilian football manager and former player (d. 2006)
1936 – Mary Millar, English actress (d. 1998)
1938 – Darlene Love, American singer
1939 – John Howard, 25th Prime Minister of Australia
1939 – Bob Lilly, American football player
1940 – Dobie Gray, American singer
1940 – Mary Jo Kopechne, American aide to Robert F. Kennedy (d. 1969)
1940 – Bobby Rousseau, Quebec ice hockey player
1940 – Tolis Voskopoulos, Greek singer
1941 – Bobby Hebb, American musician
1941 – Jean Baubérot, French historian and sociologist
1941 – Brenton Wood, American singer-songwriter
1942 – Vladimír Mečiar, Slovak prime minister
1942 – Teddy Pilette, Belgian racing driver
1943 – Peter Hyams, American film director
1943 – Mick Jagger, English singer (The Rolling Stones)
1944 – Kiel Martin, American actor (d. 1990)
1945 – Betty Davis, American funk, rock and soul singer
1945 – Helen Mirren, English actress
1948 – Herbert Wiesinger, German born Olympic pairs skater
1949 – Roger Taylor, English musician (Queen)
1949 – Thaksin Shinawatra, ex-Prime Minister of Thailand
1950 – Susan George, English actress
1950 – Nelinho, Brazilian footballer
1950 – Rich Vogler, American race car driver (d. 1990)
1951 – Rick Martin, Canadian ice hockey player
1953 – Robert Phillips, classical guitarist
1953 – Edie Mirman, American voice actress
1954 – Vitas Gerulaitis, American tennis player (d. 1994)
1955 – Aleksandrs Starkovs, Latvian footballer
1956 – Dorothy Hamill, American figure skater
1956 – Tommy Rich, American professional wrestler
1957 – Nana Visitor, American actress
1957 – Yuen Biao, Hong Kong actor
1957 – Hart Hanson, American television writer and producer
1958 – Angela Hewitt, Canadian classical pianist
1959 – Rick Bragg, American writer
1959 – Kevin Spacey, American actor
1959 – Michael Ross, American serial killer (d. 2005)
1961 – Gary Cherone, American musician (Extreme)
1961 – Andy Connell, English musician (Swing Out Sister, A Certain Ratio)
1961 – Dimitris Saravakos, Greek footballer
1962 – Mairéad Ní Mhaonaigh, Irish musician
1964 – Sandra Bullock, American actress
1964 – Ralf Metzenmacher, German painter and designer
1964 – Danny Woodburn, American actor
1965 – Jeremy Piven, American actor
1967 – Anthony Durante, American professional wrestler (d. 2003)
1967 – Tim Schafer, American computer game designer
1968 – Olivia Williams, English actress
1968 – Frédéric Diefenthal, French actor and director
1969 – Greg Colbrunn, American baseball player
1970 – Joan Wasser, American singer and musician
1971 – Khaled Mahmud, Former Bangladeshi cricketer
1972 - ME
1972 – Nathan Buckley, Former Australian rules footballer
1973 – Kate Beckinsale, British actress
1973 – Chris Pirillo, American TV host and blogger
1973 – Lenka Šarounová, Czech astronomer
1974 – Dean Sturridge, English Footballer
1974 – Daniel Negreanu, Canadian poker player
1974 – Dan Konopka, American musician (OK Go)
1975 – Joe Smith, American basketball player
1976 – Brad Wilkins, American architect
1976 – Tanja Szewczenko, German figure skater
1977 – Martin Laursen, Danish footballer
1977 – Rebecca St. James, Australian-born singer
1979 – Friedrich Michau, German rugby player
1979 – Derek Paravicini, British autistic savant
1979 – Peter Sarno, Canadian ice hockey player
1979 – Mageina Tovah, American actress
1979 – Erik Westrum, American ice hockey player
1980 – Dave Baksh, Canadian guitarist (Sum 41)
1980 – Lee Dong-gun, South Korean actor
1981 – Abe Forsythe, Australian actor/director
1982 – Chez Starbuck, American actor
1982 – Mugdha Godse, Indian actress and model
1983 – Delonte West, American basketball player
1983 – Roderick Strong, American professional wrestler
1984 – Kyriakos Ioannou, Cypriot high jumper
1985 – Marcus Benard, American football player
1985 – Gaël Clichy, French footballer
1987 – Fredy Montero, Colombian soccer player
1987 – Miriam McDonald, Canadian actress
1988 – Francia Raisa, American actress
1989 – Areti Ketime, Greek singer and musician
1993 – Elizabeth Gillies, American actress
1993 – Taylor Momsen, American actress and singer
[edit]Deaths
796 – Offa, King of Mercia
811 – Nicephorus I, Byzantine Emperor
1380 – Emperor Komyo of Japan (b. 1322)
1471 – Pope Paul II (b. 1417)
1592 – Armand de Gontaut, baron de Biron, French soldier (b. 1524)
1611 – Horio Yoshiharu, Japanese warlord (b. 1542)
1680 – John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, English writer (b. 1647)
1684 – Elena Cornaro Piscopia, Italian mathematician (b. 1646)
1712 – Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds, English statesman (b. 1631)
1723 – Robert Bertie, 1st Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, English statesman (b. 1660)
1801 – Archduke Maximilian Franz of Austria (b. 1756)
1863 – Sam Houston, President of the Republic of Texas (b. 1793)
1867 – King Otto of Greece (b. 1815)
1919 – Sir Edward Poynter, British painter (b. 1836)
1925 – Gottlob Frege, German mathematician and logician (b. 1848)
1925 – William Jennings Bryan, American politician (b. 1860)
1925 – Antonio Ascari, Italian racing driver (b. 1888)
1932 – Frederick S. Duesenberg automotive pioneer (b. 1876)
1934 – Winsor McCay, American cartoonist (b. 1871)
1941 – Henri Lebesgue, French mathematician (b. 1875)
1942 – Roberto Arlt, Argentinian writer (b. 1900)
1952 – Eva Perón, Argentine First Lady (b. 1919)
1953 – Nikolaos Plastiras, Greek general and politician (b. 1883)
1960 – Maud Menten, Canadian biochemist (b. 1879)
1960 – Cedric Gibbons, American art director (b. 1893)
1964 – Francis Curzon, 5th Earl Howe, British politician and race driver (b. 1884)
1969 – Frank Loesser, American composer (b. 1910)
1970 – Robert Taschereau, French-Canadian jurist (b. 1896)
1971 – Diane Arbus, American photographer (b. 1923)
1980 – Ibn-e-Safi, Pakistani fiction writer and Urdu poet (b. 1928)
1984 – George Gallup, American statistician and opinion pollster (b. 1901)
1984 – Ed Gein, American serial killer (b. 1906)
1986 – Averell Harriman, American diplomat (b. 1891)
1988 – Fazlur Rahman Malik, Pakistani scholar (b. 1919)
1990 – Brent Mydland, American keyboardist (Grateful Dead) (b. 1952)
1992 – Mary Wells, American singer (b. 1943)
1993 – Matthew Ridgeway, American army general (b. 1895)
1994 – Christy Henrich, American gymnast (b. 1972)
1994 – James Luther Adams, American theologian (b. 1901)
1994 – Tonia Marketaki, Greek film director and screenwriter (b. 1942)
1994 – Terry Scott, British actor (b. 1927)\
1995 – Laurindo Almeida, Brazilian guitarist (b. 1917)
1995 – Raymond Mailloux, Quebec politician (b. 1918)
1995 – George W. Romney, American businessman and politician (b. 1907)
2000 – John Tukey, American statistician (b. 1915)
2001 – Rex Barber, American WWII aviator (b. 1917)
2001 – Peter von Zahn, German journalist (b. 1913)
2004 – William A. Mitchell, American food chemist (b. 1911)
2005 – Betty Astell, British actress (b. 1912)
2005 – Alexander Golitzen, American art director (b. 1908)
2005 – Jack Hirshleifer, American economist (b. 1925)
2005 – Gilles Marotte, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1945)
2007 – Lars Forssell, Swedish writer (b. 1928)
2007 – John Normington, English actor (b. 1937)
2007 – Skip Prosser, American basketball coach (b. 1950)
2009 – Marcey Jacobson, American photographer (b. 1911)
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